ࡱ> <>;5@  bjbj22 AXXDlll8$4$ $ $ }$RF 7 ^ $ $  p$ $ } } B 11$  㥙{l @1}01E 11L $(D (Voltage, Current and Resistance The voltage across a component is measured in volts. The current through a component is measured in amps or milliamps. The resistance of a component is measured in ohms, kilo-ohms, or mega-ohms. Measuring the voltage The voltage across each of the resistors in the diagram below, will add up to the voltage of the battery. Resistors in series divide the voltage. Measuring the current Because the rate of flow is the same throughout the circuit, an ammeter can be placed in series at any of the positions shown. The reading will always be the same. Resistances in series To calculate the total resistance (R) when resistances are in series, the formula below is used. R= R1+ R2 + R3 R = 330 + 2200 + 680 R = 3210 ohms Measuring voltage and current in a parallel circuit The voltage across each of the resistors in the diagram below is the same as the battery voltage, because they are all connected together. The current in the battery is divided between the two resistors. The sum of the current in each resistor will equal the current in the battery. Resistances in parallel When resistances are connected in parallel, their total resistance is calculated as follows. 1 1 1 - = -- + -- R R1 R2 1 1 1 3 - = --- + --- = --- R 600 300 600 So R=200 ohms All the currents, voltages and resistances in theses circuits should obey Ohms Law (V=IxR). Remember I stands for current. PAGE   FILENAME 2b Resistances in series page  PAGE 2  !( K L a b ô{jVB1 hh=`OJQJ^JmH sH &hh5OJQJ\^JmH sH &hh=`5OJQJ\^JmH sH  hhsOJQJ^JmH sH &hhs5OJQJ\^JmH sH  jhhH7UmHnHu&hshs5OJQJ\^JmH sH hsOJQJ\^JmH sH #hshsOJQJ\^JmH sH  hs5OJQJ\^JmH sH 1hH7hs5>*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ mH sH  !V J K b + H I y y y y y y y y y y y y y y  1$7$8$gddh1$7$8$]gd dh1$7$8$gd H1$7$8$]Hgds 1$7$8$]gds 1$7$8$gd=`  + H I J b ޽޽ެucQxPNG  IHDRS~%7 tEXtSoftwarenoned{xX pHYs.#.#x?v /IDATx1op2.+Wp;>\{=s"_!e.Hvdp:% uS- n(X,ug򆖵CsfHR,Yy3$r cGuVZog;7̛%e~%BUן%T^VEV$~*EznZp+g]˱ī5p[!E76UfrYz5%͗Emu"/X6 61p,éG*^)}ƤkXQl0[p(5Bj~P:Us]̺4sn\.N 0gGrY9SLe%4e,w&l`f>M|yymq롎zxCWS[!H{Xt2/k-CGX!j-}Y*7럵YR7 C=Gh&JYi:;_S{Σ&5+e,؅7"}%,hNԎyB!YY)z5^|ϖ8Lwg _ PV_;o:ֳJO˾m9+ n?zruP>2M~`i t$Z [RL$M'w*Yڶ{7bi"-^2Mex[ Vx^}sM|O [ZY\GAp-ݢY?ꖡ-=' Kg΄t6sF-ӗ{{şioa<@X{KeuPTQ*~,|檆U/[CE bnK'oTn~u˴di|㧏oW eݾe]lU`9P{ۇGTxxdmU,s%6Y,!ڿe_HkOֶ,cߓ՜8.{ۛEQDKhμ[!GGGD=qk^wNO"3ې6d?Ž7Jo.3̌FkB^VHZhgL[^b9Xg 0)sٻ2<zaZCD-аa${S۲ ~ϣ^gl6!-SE+l9j(8WTH-Dz]XTBK|ȥD mZeye.l&r,GE%&+\N0[TJ.1.Z. J2܆TYjY< "U'[Hl>4Z"*˞ u݁'[ԙ K F+E{k>dշ,KLc0X)x)?hy5L(KZԭ8b> a(ZܗerrF8˫RkץPV[.~n5O-˱yjZj'Dd]7TV,b眶+kiG)٬˅`kaOXt}/cocuH٥Zi,zh$u_!=L^s5{U5/'^ynӑ*S3,ZE)M,cTr5_eMѢ& ;ZLJQVyWj_/sU[ūvǕ1jBZ6DZM26@ i!VSaS6"-@ZH i!-"-M}zH i!-JZ߆H i!-T o Z نHjj_nh}`mU>O?g>BZ-ЋBZvϽB^uOrYZŁ"8_9ܫuD-Zַ2VSZۚm1.!BZH i!-/pE_yoJ`{gdmWЃZַ!BZH i!-k;.#9`!-`>G!-j}BZHk+DZM^2>=XMG/{0g>6l}l -TSc1߰F2BZ>-1Qi>G!-/>o ,Y/6l}BZH˃B/9jw Hj}"-ܲAp8woOmqlwaq'~=oY-l|Z?~k*sM3Xb}{0 Z5W/;kGV/?zac.iZ#-UePC2IENDB`nBwH&DĆPNG  IHDRbf tEXtSoftwarenoned{xX pHYs.#.#x?vIDATxAoH`g2;b:p4"뢕 f㑸p'̈= 8L?́8,lw[R'D"qq{U]v.FtKi.*WUÏ\_hUN$FjFjFjFjFjFjZnlT(VZԞ8q6ThiW}BSn! x_|X L`>"KYkZ7d k] 0IS {=IqTj,2dRgUSR4% Hmhb_U՚5W&A<9IPA%1T)18HD&Ǔ6L4b8o4qy-zg&5+ 1W]MTm@N4llBֽjMkUK!ZTDQn)qzq Sd\'ߪ5En*sbK,/ՠ)ӁtƚoΏUR49 271qŃJz@bH;Q'$}&^fLA< N[Вs)v[Ȩ͒OʢQq׆2NTMVi}ݡv CTjvڍq0mde´~O߇do>'.Li7Uf?QX]\&m SؑBc|M΂itd?Gewx\p w{L͠{"#R!zSoidHċ=y- S oBI:jXyD{ s'ֻ+>~xE}@,t32a,Dڑk7}{a74%Ac;8rk>V;:q`FW3/F ܫá  .?Ǿ7X~>$ˉXT5Co]pisЇb.q1gPJLnmjԎ9W(B?$V.h- 9noxWPE|%z|vY6D0m=||->$ufIڌ)h(i fGS;mp{ϙ_e&x@IK4\p+s[( *GRj&z^40s} 9?>3ްzBcF-ДxM3Hۥ񫔀!M7 IIΡL*B|)1Ю@}hz !ۡ~ oCbWip}k܄wpݪp'yh`<#b&m)isi ۬ y~"9НAQv  K-q;pA5Ǥ=LUjpj`aԠEPǨ_A^i >l0NAE!m1 c\ h fH[~0ɒ.U0ajR{b.G'ѬtiN6V9mZRJh5{mM$FjFjFjKqyڟ4Tsi5J{q֢}NjVZVidӶ9IjF/i{YjnZVh5ZmIeʜV#־7h5ZVZ8FjxrFjZ{KrR{L-%#Rͥh4WGЍ5(ZdZGqN@R{Ym FQhV[崭r%:Ϟ]?Si:RBrhKIwFG][Z5h5ZVh5RjkV[\R9IjZڐTck|[ִl<$~@jZڐV#Fur׾jFjFu i5RjFjF i5ZVh5Z{]ujZsi64FrHpmN};ٚF{hkjz}@*jkߛ.G#%ߕv}4 4?p㠡6VmPQ3?eh[Ӝ|kvջ pO[H!$4J҆Hf/EkF5p|: ^(!>#FJTډSz ۑ#ݲd7Z8>톣+ 8kCRiA/xJE.v^9?Oy=:p_E,4 ~.w*YC;ֱ ;kTViC ԀӍ;,D.=>d{g".74x8ݛO:&P1ybi\םytzCk//VR>KٙI£'x{7!H(ALQ<pyv0Rt'39O./ {3/$G2',o?Ցy_[?P}"o5ƩzjXٗ`,Z--ƎbC!<}ܳ/)!!yů韡?WW Z9_٪CuhE1w1!ݨݣו*f#T_=1FLNO(e h9+zt,YܦI !{*N1MptuB$FO҄HSSuj&*ϙZO7 j;yC= '棸:'ɥ^NVϒPǻ-iiO|+o?z#Y9}QiL3w2wVAM4&ϔO'JME: gXnP{S>01#Q<̋ n{&!%QT ޘ<*SqN;G\SI!u}*_yNx4]WW?֥&T'L^;RoADzU_>RF:^U^^>W6:[ `JPP_gjz]B\]9I˧u lC*C{Pykۻз[֓&xvztzXDAXoĸ񞁽c; =ΐSJL|SLjaq: d"O/byCnyℒyϝ?jvGOMOOc=h=1u=Ggcfn!<'~2Cz/{N:}homz~=^`o'C{h=B{tC{h=.Oa=,kB{a=H={ 3GPO`=H<=C{h){[_^hOn}ov;Qۡ{MH[8B|5/~{Qg?y~-ow~*O/;0,8>;0>;0>;0<;00>;00 Dl>;0>;0>;0R CCCF  I    /7>@F!!Ob$SrVrWg>x 2b$wH&DĆJ'b$5o=YEMLe1q +7b$i304 @(  x  c :ACLP24_Pic1"`x  c :ACLP24_Pic2"`x  c :ACLP24_Pic3"`B S  ?KI!k T@!Tr" T:LaabbJabChristopher Leigh C J Leigh   f"H75@=`\mz:}ZK)sa@LP@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial?5 z Courier New"1hw{y&{y&:  $43H ?f"Resistances in seriesChristopher Leigh C J LeighOh+'0 $0 L X d p|Resistances in series1esiChristopher LeighiehrihriNormalp C J Leighr 6J Microsoft Word 10.0@=@y{@P϶EL@F{՜.+,0 hp|  t A Resistances in series Title  "#$%&'()*,-./012456789:=Root Entry F{?1Table!WordDocumentASummaryInformation(+DocumentSummaryInformation83CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q